Food Advertisement Paper - 2017 Words

Why Were Advertisements Developed and How Have they Changed? An important topic in the late 1920’s was food. Since it was around the time of the Great Depression money was scarce and food was important for survival. In order to make money and beat competitors, companies had to get their products well known and keep their prices low. One way businesses did this was by either sponsoring a radio show or putting their product on paper, which was the beginning of advertising. This was significant since the radio was a new technology that allowed messages to be delivered simultaneously through transmitters with very little delay to everyone who owned one. It was the main source of entertainment, like the television is today. There are many†¦show more content†¦Then eat sensibly- which means you avoid overeating: thus reducing caloric intake considerably. Then this happens: First, this delicious drink satisfies your craving for rich, sweet foods†¦ Second, the natural dextrose in Welch’s is quickly consumed, and by this pro cess not only aids nature in consuming excess at but increases your energy. That is why weight is lost naturally: why you not only look better but actually feel better; have more energy.[8] By using a well-known actress the product was better publicized than it could by a regular person. Radio broadcasts and paper advertisements were the best way to get messages to consumers until another technology was born, the television. Then, companies were able to advertise such messages as a picture or video instead of just sound. In the late 1930’s the television was introduced to the world. Soon after its appearance children’s shows began to air in the late 1940’s. This was the perfect opportunity to target a different audience, children. By sponsoring popular children’s television shows, Welch’s was creating a cradle to grave advertising scheme. Kids highly influence their parents spending and once they become comfortably with a particular brand or product they tend to buy it their whole life. There are many companies that useShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Nutrition Information On Advertisement Of Fast Food Chains Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pa gesThe impacts of nutrition information on advertisement of fast food chains The fast food industry in the U.S. has rapidly expanded in the past few decades (Hwang, 2013). In 2014, the industry has created a 3% current value growth, indicating its robust and continued ability in the U.S. market overall (Euromonitor, 2015). 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Professional Football Training and Development Free Essays

string(65) " starts the specialization phase which is mainly non-unilateral\." Football is among the topmost popular sports in the modern world and is characterized as an intermittent, high intensity and non-continuous exercise. However, there is still a lot of debate and uncertainty surrounding the sport’s physiological requirements as a result of the overemphasis of skills which lead to the neglect of physical fitness, difficulty in scientific study of the sports as well as the conservative training methods that are mainly employed in the development and training of professional players. There has been an evolutionary trend in the professional football such as changes in the roles that players have, a greater frequency of fixtures to play and new tactics and strategies that continue to increase the all round fitness demands for players. We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Football Training and Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper thus wishes to explore periodization: theory and methodology in the professional training and development of football players with specific focus on physiological perspectives. The research theorizes that the utilization of specialization training that is based on a comprehensive multilateral foundation is the most effective training method necessary to develop a professional football player. Introduction Professional football training and development is a process that should be governed by the principles of training. The core objective of these processes is top increase the footballer’s sporting skills and ultimately his/her level of sporting performance. Professional football training and development has to cover the various performance aspects or components that are normally employed by a player in a match. These include tactical, technical, social/psychological and fitness training. In order for an athlete to compete as a professional football player from a physiological perspective, they need to have high levels of fitness so as to cope with the physical demands that the game requires as well as be able to utilize their technical abilities throughout the whole game. As such fitness training is an important part of the professional footballer’s training programme. The most important characteristic of a football fitness training program is that it should closely resemble match-play as much as possible. As such the main part of the training for fitness exercise should incorporate a football as this has several advantages. Firstly, the players are able to develop tactical and technical skills under similar conditions to those that they will be subjected to during a match. Secondly, this trains the specific muscle groups that are used when paying football. And finally this has been known to provide greater motivation for players as opposed to training without the ball (Ekblom, 1994, p. 124). Type of Training to be applied The overall development of the player should strike a balance between specialized training and multilateral development. As such, the earlier stages of training and development should be based on multilateral development which mainly targets the player’s overall physical development. As the player becomes more developed, the component of specialized training specific to skills needed in football steadily increases. As such the trainer or coach should have a clear understanding of the need for each of the two training stages and how the focus from one to the other changes as the player develops (Bompa Haff, 2009, p. 1). It is important to incorporate multilateral development in the formative periods of training program that wishes to develop and form a professional footballer. This is because it lays the ground work for the later steps in training that will be more specialized. The proper implementation of this principle will enable the player to have a developed physiological; basis that is essential for optimized performance necessary for professional football. This will ensure that the player has a high level of technical mastery as well as the physical preparation that translate to higher performance levels. The coach or trainer should avoid being tempted to ignore multilateral training for specialized training especially when the player becomes technically adept early in the process of training and development as this may compromise the player’s ability to sustain their optimal physical form once they get into professional football (Bompa Haff, 2009, p. 32). A sequential approach to the development of the player that progresses from the multilateral training to specialization is essential as the player matures so as to maximize their sporting potential. The multilateral stage includes multisport skills, some football specific skills and multifaceted motor development. As such the player undertakes a variety of exercises that allows him/her to fully develop his/her physiological system. For example, this phase of training allows the cardiovascular, neuromuscular and the energy systems to be activated in a number of ways. It is only when the player attains an acceptable level of development can him /her progress to the next phase which involves more specialization. It is important to note that this stage of development does not exclude specificity in its elements of training and on the contrary aspects of specificity of training should be maintained in all the stages of the training and development program although in varying proportions. Thus at this level specialization is minimal but increases in percentage as the player matures. This helps the player to have a foundation necessary for future development and also helps him/her to avoid staleness and overuse injury in future training and match-play (Bompa Haff, 2009, p. 2). The adoption of a comprehensive multilateral phase in training and development should be capable of ensuring that the player is best suited for a professional career in football. Although the improvement of performance is slow at the beginning it gradual increases to peak at eighteen or older, an age when the player has reached psychological as well as physiological maturity and can be able to better handle the pressures of playing professionally. It also allows for progressive and consistent performance in competitions as well as a longer athletic career. Overall physiological development as well as a more progressive loading pattern results in fewer injuries for the player (Bompa Haff, 2009, p. 34). Once the player is sufficiently developed, the training and development starts the specialization phase which is mainly non-unilateral. You read "Professional Football Training and Development" in category "Papers" This training allows the player to adapt physiologically to football. Specific adaptation involves areas such as the metabolic demand, movement demands, muscle recruitment patterns, contraction type and force generation pattern. Also note that the type of training employed has very specific effects on the player’s physiological characteristics. For example, resistance training has effects ranging from alterations of the neuromuscular system, metabolic or bioenergetics pathways, and the contractile machinery. Conversely endurance training is capable of stimulating both the peripheral as well as the central adaptations, which include the modification of a player’s metabolic and bioenergetics factors, altering patterns of neural recruitment and stimulating alterations of skeletal muscle significantly. Contemporary research done on athletes has shown that the skeletal muscles exhibit largely characteristics of plasticity in response to different types of endurance and resistance training resulting in the deactivation or activation of the different signaling pathways on a molecular level depending on the type of exercise the player is subjected to (Bompa Haff, 2009, p. 35). The overall fitness training programme should incorporate elements of intermittency, randomness and dynamism. Although this may make the training and development process of professional footballers seem complex it is absolutely necessary so as to condition them to the conditions of match-play. As such the training should involve randomly sequenced physiological processes. This proves to be a challenge for coaches in their quest to condition and develop players. However, players should be involved in training programs that offers specialization that is based on multilateral training at the beginners’ stage. The specialization phase is characterized by a progressive increase in intensity and total volume of training as well as the degree of specialization. Specialization in simple terms describes exercise training that mimic or parallel movement in football while the multilateral phase describes exercises that develop endurance, speed and strength. Many researchers have suggested that the best adaptation to training and development of a professional football player occur as a result if exercise specific and that utilizes the football and also exercise that is targeted at specific bio-motor abilities but only after a multilateral foundation has been comprehensively developed (Da Silva, Bloomfield Marins, 2008). The fitness training and development programme should consider multiple factors so as to cover the various physical performance aspects that are required in football. As such the training needs to be divided into components that are based on specific physical demands that footballers experience during a match. Players experience varying exercise intensity during a training session as well as during matches. As such, the training must incorporate aerobic, anaerobic as wells specific muscle training. These two terms focus on the energy pathways that are dominant when participating in actual activity, either in training or in a match. Anaerobic and aerobic training represent exercise intensities above and below the maximum oxygen intake, respectively (Reilly Williams, 2003, p. 7). Physiological state necessary for the success of a professional football player A professional football player covers a mean distance of approximately eleven kilometers in a ninety minutes game. This value is not representative of the total energy requirements on the player during a game since in addition to running a walking, the footballer also has to perform other activ ities that are energy demanding. These activities include changing direction, acceleration and deceleration, static muscle contraction, jumping, tackling and rising from the ground among others. The total energy expenditure is therefore determined by all the physiological factors in play that affect the footballer. Experiments done on elite players have shown that out of the total energy contribution in the maximal oxygen intake, 70 % is derived from aerobic sources (Tumilty, 1993). As such the training programs of elite players emphasize on training at such average exercise intensity for at least ninety minutes in order to emphasize the player’s ability to perform intermittent exercise for prolonged periods, in other words, enhance endurance. In addition a professional player should be capable of performing consistently at high intensity, sprint and develop a high power output (force) necessary for single match situations, for example, jumping, tackling and kicking. The basis for optimal performance in these categories is characterized by fitness in aspects of cardiovascular endurance, muscular endurance and strength combined with interplay of coordination by the nervous system. These characteristics determined genetically but can as well be developed through proper training (Spinks, Reilly Murphy, 2002, p. 3). Factors affecting efficiency in training and developing of football players Factors affecting the development and training of players include most importantly factors that the coach and the player can influence such as the player’s physical abilities; anaerobic power, aerobic capacity, strength/speed, agility/flexibility and coordination. Player’s Technical and tactical skills; control/passing, tackl ing/shooting, knowledge/creativity and anticipation. Player’s Psychological factors: confidence, motivation, arousal, concentration. The player’s current status such as injuries being experienced, nutritional levels and psychological stability is also a factor in play during training. Factors that the coach or player do not have control over such as environmental and social factors such as the coach or trainer, family, friends, the climate, playing surface. Other factors include the gender of the player and the genetic endowment (Reilley Korkusuz, 2008) Methodology Data for this study will be drawn from field work, documentary analysis and both formal and informal interviews. Also previous research as well as official publication from relevant bodies governing football will form the starting point for the inquiry relevant to this research. To understand the best method for training and developing professional football players, field observations will be carried out on three professional academies and three non professional teams in the United Kingdom that carter for youths wishing to join the senior teams. Data will also be gathered in these situations using formal and informal methods (Holmes 1991, p. 20). The data will then be analyses using the comparative investigation of physical education and sport developed by Holmes (1991). This will be with a view to suggest solutions to currently apparent problem and offer future programme improvements to the way training and developing professional footballers is currently practiced (Holmes, 1991,p 27). How to cite Professional Football Training and Development, Papers

Individual and Teamwork Performance Evaluation Report

Question: Discuss about the Individual and Teamwork Performance Evaluation Report. Answer: Purpose and Scope of the report The purpose of my report is to evaluate the issue of weaknesses brought about by the tendency to fully emphasize on individual performance within a work setting. The report also seeks to point out some of the problems likely to be faced whenever there are changes in an organization`s human resource structure and consequently generate several recommendations likely to counter them. The scope of the report is as follows; it seeks only to examine the setbacks associated with awarding too much attention to personal output and the gains of teamwork performance. The report will not consider other management mechanisms attributed particularly to the control function of management. The problem statement The name of the case study is classical management in the Haier Group. The problem is linked to the controlling function of management. The great emphasis given to individual performance has proven to be remarkably beneficial and productive in both the short and long term run. Haier prides itself as one of the respected and feared competitors in the electronics industry largely because of the use of the control function of management with great emphasis on individual output. The approach carries along a major setback which is the absence of synergy or teamwork, and if it is there, it is normally at minimal levels. I will elaborate on the need and benefits of giving keen attention and emphasis on teamwork in equal measures just like the one given to personal performance. Discussion The two most evident perspectives in my research are: giving too much weight to individual performance lowers the chances for the presence of collaborative work and secondly embracing teamwork goes a long way in contributing to maximized individual and overall output. These are risks in themselves. Risk and the manner it is managed has emerged as a key feature of organizational life involving both private and public sectors (Soin, 2013). Perspective one As vividly pointed out in the Haier Group case study, the emphasis is on individual work and incentives can greatly compromise teamwork within an organization. The management approach that is, OEC-O was hugely inclined towards an individual`s performance rather than functioning as one unified team. The human resource of the company elaborated the approach as that which implies that each worker has to complete the daily target work and this includes a one percent increase over the previous day`s work. An administrative manager facilitates optimum productivity. Strategic human resource management came up as an ascendant approach to human resource management policy within the previous thirty years (Robin, 2013). This implies that the two that is, personal and collaborative efforts are needful for an entity to realize full output and in an efficacious manner. Sometimes the changes in the human resource motivations, commitment and attitude may contribute to certain unnoticed problems especially individualism. The need for and centrality of fortified human resource development principles and practice is of an immense essence (Jon, 2014) . For instance, for Haier, the new management steered by Zhang caused a commendable expansion of the firm. However, the shake-up and change in the control management function led to the problem of teamwork absence or rather its trivialization. This is essential because the employers were motivated by the need to accomplish their individual daily work as assigned and expected by the management. As such, the lack of synergy in an organization may be detrimental. We normally depend on teams to execute complex tasks especially in highly involving settings (Tripp, 2017). This means that the management ought to cultivate a tenacious attitude and desired conduct in the workforce especially about collaborative work rather than focusing on individual input only. The way top-level managers work efficaciously as a team is vital to the success of a business and the varied backgrounds of top managers influence the efficiency of their teamwork (Li-Qun, 2012) Additionally, the focus on personal input is closely tied or associated with new processes which permit for the perpetuation of individual incentives in most instances. In most cases, the workers are promised extra earnings on completion of their individual daily tasks and such; this greatly hampers the general performance since each employee is only focused on accomplishing the day`s set tasks. This means that there are little if any, chances for such workers to assist each other in case one needs a helping hand. Team learning conduct was found to intercede the relationships or linkages between teamwork know-how and the team outcomes (Priyanko, 2015). Another issue related to individual performance is arriving at intuition-based decisions. Since each employee is heavily and solely working on his/her own, there exist high tendencies to make decisions founded on one`s intrinsic feelings, attitudes, and behaviors. This means there are lowered possibilities if any, for individual workers to seek assistance or even consult their colleagues. This is because, for most of them, it is a rush against time every other day. Modally results indicated that worker perceptions of organizational error management culture impacts directly and negatively on their turnover intentions (Priyenko, 2016) Sometimes, the focus on personal performance may cause regular frictions between the management and the employees. This is particularly in cases where the worker(s) fails to achieve their designated duties and tasks due to some factors like time and personal domestic responsibilities. As such, most of the time the employees execute their tasks with some degree of fear and anxiety, which is not suitable for productivity. There is need to follow practical ways in evaluating demand and replacing needs and using productivity ratios to transform delivery units into human resource requirements and this call for steps in workforce planning (Andrew, 2015). Perspective two The second perspective is the essence of exercising teamwork for a holistic output. In Haier, collaborative performance was vividly undermined at the expense of focus on personal output. In the company, each employee is required to continuously improve their job skills and ensure that the one percent increase in daily production is achieved. This translates into lower teamwork. The capability of organizations to be skilled at teamwork and creating high-performance teams is a chief approach to competitive advantage and can as well determine the future prosperity or failure of many entities (Warrick, 2016). He adds that teamwork can remarkably improve effectiveness, performance, efficiency, job satisfaction, morale, innovative thinking, quality, speedy work, communication and loyalty to a firm. Some of the hidden gains of good team work include the fact that no one is indispensable (we need each other), personal weaknesses are masked, personal strengths are developed into full strengths, and one can think along with others. This implies that every individual has his/her strengths and they collectively give rise to more power and synergy. Team work assists in averting possible risks linked to reinforcing individual performance. For instance, the risk of overall output being compromised. Individuals may be structured to create a highly effective team competent of delivery much more compared to the total of its members (Margie, 2011) The employment of teamwork approach promotes the actualization of a wholesome and full productivity. Setting a rigorous team structure can assist in reducing instances of some team members not adequately giving input in the common undertakings. Encouraging a culture of teamwork is of immense significance to an entity. Facilitating the development of a team is challenging, yet vital (Kirstin, 2016). He further adds that team training is an efficacious strategy. It is essential to efficaciously organize efforts in teamwork, have the ability to see things from other people`s perspectives like clients or even team members. Conclusion There should be an emphasis on a blend of both individual and teamwork performance for a wholesome and maximum output. Recommendations Based on the above conclusion, I believe the following recommendations are suitable for the issue: Measures should be engineered to encourage voluntary teamwork Have regular review of the management strategies and approaches Employees` attitudes, conduct, and motivations should be matched with the company`s vision, value and mission statements The workers should fully understand their jobs and the need to genuinely embrace the objectives of the organization. Establishment of an appropriate reward and incentive system for the best performing team Setting unique and different goals for each department within the organization reflecting the overall goal of the entity. References Andrew, M., 2015. Strategic Workforce Planning- A Vital Business Activity. Strategic HR Review, 14(5), pp. 174-181. Jon, M., 2014. Human Resource Development-Human Resource Management: So What is it?. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 25(2), pp. 127-139. Kirstin, M., 2016. Maximizing Team Performance: The Critical Role of the Nurse Leader. Nursing Forum, 59(1), pp. 21-29. Li-Qun, W., 2012. Effective Teamwork at the Top: The Evidence from China. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(9), pp. 1853-1870. Margie, J., 2011. 4.3.2 Systematic Approach to the Development, Evolution, and Effectiveness of Integrated Product Development Teams (IPDTs). INCOSE International Symposium, 21(1), pp. 395-409. Priyanka, G., 2015. Making Teamwork Work: Team Knowledge for Team Effectiveness. The Journal of Psychology, 150(3), pp. 300-317. Priyanka, G., 2016. Error Management Culture: Impact on Cohesion, Stress, and Turnover Intentions. The Service Industries Journal, 36(3-4), pp. 124-141. Reza, K. R. V. T. Y. . J. I., 2010. Management Accounting, Human Policies Organizational Performance in Canada, Japan the UK. USA: CIMA Publisher. Robin, K., 2013. Beyond Human Resource Management: Is sustainable human resource management the next approach?. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(8), pp. 1069-1089. Soin, K., 2013. Risk and Risk Management in Management Accounting and Control. Management Accounting Research, 24(2). Tripp, D., 2017. Teams in Extreme Environments: Alterations in Team Development and Teamwork. Human Resource Management Review. Warrick, D., 2016. `What Leaders can Learn about Teamwork and Developing High Performance Teams from Organization Development Practitioners`. Performance Improvement, 55(3), pp. 13-21.